Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: IFNβ Protects Neurons from Damage in a Murine Model of HIV-1 Associated Brain Injury

doi: 10.1038/srep46514

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mixed neuronal-glial cerebrocortical cultures from WT or IFNAR1KO mice were incubated with IFNβ in increasing doses (from 500 to 5,000 U/ml) or BSA/PBS vehicle control for 0, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h. Total RNA was extracted from cell lysates, analyzed by qRT-PCR and normalized to GAPDH expression levels. ( a–d ) RNA expression is shown as fold change (FC) in relation to vehicle treated controls which were defined as baseline activity. ( e–h ) Time course for protein expression measured in cell-free supernatants for CCL3, CCL4, CCL5 and CXCL10 using a commercially available multiplex assay as described in Methods. Baseline protein expression in vehicle treated cell cultures is represented as 0 h time point. Values are mean ± s.e.m.; n = 3–5 independent experiments per ISG; ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05 by ANOVA with Fisher’s PLSD post hoc test. For clarity, the significance is only indicated for differences between treatments and baseline within each experimental group.

Article Snippet: For visualization of CCL4, mouse brain sections were immunolabeled with primary antibodies for CCL4 (ProSci, Poway, CA, cat# 7227, 1:50) in combination with Ab against MAP-2 or GFAP for 24 h. Alexa Fluor 488, 555 and 647 conjugated secondary antibodies were employed to visualize primary Abs and nuclear DNA was stained with Hoechst (H) 33342.

Techniques: Incubation, Control, Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing, RNA Expression, Activity Assay, Multiplex Assay

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: IFNβ Protects Neurons from Damage in a Murine Model of HIV-1 Associated Brain Injury

doi: 10.1038/srep46514

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( a ) Mixed neuronal-glial cerebrocortical cultures from WT mice were simultaneously exposed for 3 days to HIV gp120 BaL (200 pM) and mouse IFNβ (5,000 U/ml) in the presence and absence of neutralizing antibodies against CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, IFNγ or CXCL10. IFNγ antibody was used as control for neutralizing antibodies since this protein was undetectable in cerebrocortical cell cultures. ( b ) Mouse cerebrocortical cultures from IFNAR1KO mice were stimulated with gp120 BaL for 24 h the presence or absence of mouse IFNβ (5,000 U/ml) or BSA/PBS control. ( c ) Cerebrocortical cell cultures from WT mice were simultaneously exposed for 3 days to HIV gp120 BaL in the presence and absence of murine CCL4 (2 or 20 nM). Neuronal survival was assessed by immunofluorescence microscopy and counting of MAP-2/NeuN double-positive neurons. Values are mean ± s.e.m.; n = 3–5 independent experiments with 3–7 replicates and an average of 9,000 (IFNAR1KO) or 5,700 (WT) cells counted per condition; ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 by ANOVA with Fisher’s PLSD post hoc test.

Article Snippet: For visualization of CCL4, mouse brain sections were immunolabeled with primary antibodies for CCL4 (ProSci, Poway, CA, cat# 7227, 1:50) in combination with Ab against MAP-2 or GFAP for 24 h. Alexa Fluor 488, 555 and 647 conjugated secondary antibodies were employed to visualize primary Abs and nuclear DNA was stained with Hoechst (H) 33342.

Techniques: Control, Immunofluorescence, Microscopy

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: IFNβ Protects Neurons from Damage in a Murine Model of HIV-1 Associated Brain Injury

doi: 10.1038/srep46514

Figure Lengend Snippet: RNA was purified from one brain hemisphere each of 4–5 month-old HIVgp120tg and WT littermate mice previously treated with intranasal IFNβ or vehicle and analyzed by qRT-PCR for fold-change (FC) in ISG expression. Significant changes in gene expression were observed between IFNβ and vehicle treatment groups in WT brains ( a ) for CCL4, and in gp120tg brains ( b ) for CCL4, CXCL11 and IRF3. Expression of transgenic HIVgp120 was not affected by IFNβ ( c ). Values are mean ± s.e.m.; n = 4–5 animals per group/genotype; *p < 0.05, student’s t-test.

Article Snippet: For visualization of CCL4, mouse brain sections were immunolabeled with primary antibodies for CCL4 (ProSci, Poway, CA, cat# 7227, 1:50) in combination with Ab against MAP-2 or GFAP for 24 h. Alexa Fluor 488, 555 and 647 conjugated secondary antibodies were employed to visualize primary Abs and nuclear DNA was stained with Hoechst (H) 33342.

Techniques: Purification, Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing, Gene Expression, Transgenic Assay

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: IFNβ Protects Neurons from Damage in a Murine Model of HIV-1 Associated Brain Injury

doi: 10.1038/srep46514

Figure Lengend Snippet: Sagittal brains sections of HIVgp120tg and WT littermate mice previously treated with intranasal IFNβ or vehicle (veh) were immunolabeled for CCL4, neuronal MAP-2 or astrocytic GFAP. Alexa Fluor 488, 555 and 647 conjugated secondary antibodies were employed to visualize primary Abs and nuclear DNA was labeled with Hoechst (H) 33342. The fluorescence-labeled brain sections were analyzed using confocal laser-scanning microscopy. Representative images of cortex layer III are shown; scale bar, 50 μm.

Article Snippet: For visualization of CCL4, mouse brain sections were immunolabeled with primary antibodies for CCL4 (ProSci, Poway, CA, cat# 7227, 1:50) in combination with Ab against MAP-2 or GFAP for 24 h. Alexa Fluor 488, 555 and 647 conjugated secondary antibodies were employed to visualize primary Abs and nuclear DNA was stained with Hoechst (H) 33342.

Techniques: Immunolabeling, Labeling, Fluorescence, Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: IFNβ Protects Neurons from Damage in a Murine Model of HIV-1 Associated Brain Injury

doi: 10.1038/srep46514

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( a ) Cerebrocortical cultures from mice were prepared to either contain microglia, neurons and astrocytes (M + N + A) or were depleted of microglia (N + A) or neurons and microglia (A). Complete and depleted cell cultures were incubated with mIFNβ (5,000 U/ml) or BSA/PBS vehicle control for 0, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h and concentrations of CCL4 were measured in cell-free supernatants using a commercially available multiplex assay as described in Methods. Maximum concentrations were reached in samples of 12 to 24 h mIFNβ exposure and compared to vehicle-treated, baseline samples. Values are mean ± s.e.m.; n = 3 independent experiments; *p < 0.05, student’s t-test. ( b ) Microglia-depleted rat cerebrocortical cultures were exposed for 24 h to 50% cell-free conditioned media (CM) from human MDM in the presence or absence of human IFNβ (5,000 U/ml). MDM were previously stimulated for 24 h with HIV-1 gp120 BaL (MDM gp120 CM) or vehicle (MDM CM). Following the incubation the cells were fixed and permeabilized. Neurons were immunolabeled for neuronal MAP-2 and NeuN and nuclear DNA was stained with H33342. Neuronal survival was assessed using fluorescence microscopy and cell counting as described in Methods. Values are mean ± s.e.m.; n = 2 independent experiments, with 4–8 replicates and an average of 4,000 cells counted per condition; **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05 by ANOVA with Fisher’s PLSD post hoc test.

Article Snippet: For visualization of CCL4, mouse brain sections were immunolabeled with primary antibodies for CCL4 (ProSci, Poway, CA, cat# 7227, 1:50) in combination with Ab against MAP-2 or GFAP for 24 h. Alexa Fluor 488, 555 and 647 conjugated secondary antibodies were employed to visualize primary Abs and nuclear DNA was stained with Hoechst (H) 33342.

Techniques: Incubation, Control, Multiplex Assay, Immunolabeling, Staining, Fluorescence, Microscopy, Cell Counting

Journal: Heliyon

Article Title: Development of a real-time RGB-D visual feedback-assisted pulmonary rehabilitation system

doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23704

Figure Lengend Snippet: Diagram of modelling (A) Schematic representation of real-time RGB-D visual feedback-assisted pulmonary rehabilitation system, which consists of a PowerLab 26T spirometer connected to a mouthpiece, Realsense D415 RGB-D camera, and screen (not shown). (B) Both shoulders and hip joints are detected by pose-estimation (red target circles), which is used as a reference plane to define target-tracking regions (black dots). (C) Depth information (along the z-axis of the 3D camera coordinates) of target regions are recorded over time and visualised on a screen to provide real-time visual feedback. Three motion bars (pink rectangles) represent the capacity percentages of left-chest, right-chest, and stomach regions, individually. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Article Snippet: We thank the Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, 10.13039/501100007750 National Cheng Kung University for the use of their PowerLab 26T spirometer to facilitate our research; the Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, 10.13039/501100007750 National Cheng Kung University for unwavering support in the use of artificial intelligence techniques; and the Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, 10.13039/501100007750 National Cheng Kung University for advice on rehabilitation guidance and provision of the rehabilitation video.

Techniques:

Journal: Data in Brief

Article Title: A dataset of a stimulated biceps muscle of electromyogram signal by using rossler chaotic equation

doi: 10.1016/j.dib.2023.109438

Figure Lengend Snippet: The PowerLab 26T device for recoding EMG signal as one channel.

Article Snippet: Fig. 5 The PowerLab 26T device for recoding EMG signal as one channel.

Techniques:

Journal: Data in Brief

Article Title: A dataset of a stimulated biceps muscle of electromyogram signal by using rossler chaotic equation

doi: 10.1016/j.dib.2023.109438

Figure Lengend Snippet: The diagram of recording and stimulating based on devises . At first equation derived from Rossler's equation was considered as the stimulation signal. At second and third block of diagram, the extracted stimulation signal with a controllable interface was converted to an analog signal to be exerted on the Biceps muscle (green block) via LabVIEW software and via the National AD Instrument device. The stimulation signal was then synchronized (SYNCHRONIZER block) with the EMG signal. In the following, the biceps EMG signal was recorded by the Powerlab 26T device And in two last block EMG signal save as matrix in MATLAB software.

Article Snippet: Fig. 5 The PowerLab 26T device for recoding EMG signal as one channel.

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Blocking Assay, Software